Internal-combustion pump



E. w. MaCKAY-WHWE March 25, 1930.

' INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN PUMP Filed Sept. 17. 1927 -rn W a, m

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Patented Mar. 25, 1930 PATENT OFFICE ERIC WILLIAM MAcKAY-WHITE, FROSSLAND, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PUMP Applicationled September 17, 1927.

The invention relates to improvements in pumps of the internalcombustion type, such as the well knownr Humphrey pump, in which acolumn of water, by gravitational reactance from a lifting impulseimparted by one charge, causes a second charge of explosive mixture tobe compressed to a degree greater than that due to the static head, andthe ignition of the charge again causes the 1o column of water to rise.Because in pumps of this type, the explosive mixture is compressed bygravitational reactance of a column of lifted Water, a pressure of morethan about eighty pounds per square inch would cause pre-ignition of thecharge, and because a column giving a head of twohundred feet causesa'compression of eighty-six pounds per square inch, the pump is limitedto operation with heads of less than two hundred feet.

The object of my invention is to provide means for operating a secondinjection device whereby a charge of fuel may be injected into airalready compressed in the combustion cylinder of the pumps thus avoidingpreignition and'so enabling a degree of com* pression greater thaneighty pounds per square inch to be used, making it possible for the.pump to operate against heads in excess of two hundred feet.

One form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, inwhich Figure 2 is a vertical elevation of the mechanism as it appearsduring the compression stroke in a pump of the Humphrey type before fuelis injected into the combustion chamberbf the pump. Figure 1 is avertical section of the mechanism as it appears after the fuel isinjected. Figure 3l is a plan view of Figure 1. Similar lettersdesignate similar parts throughout.

The movable cylinder a is free to move vertically on the piston block bwhich is provided with an air tight packing 0. A sleeve d provided withan external screw thread is screwed into the passage g which pierces thepiston block 6. A flange on the sleeve d serves to retain the packing cin place and also serves as a seat for the valve e by which the passageg may be closed. The valvefb is carried on a frame Serial No. 220,260.

it which by means of an internal screw thread is mounted on a projectionfrom the port block la The frame h is of skeleton formation providingslots for the entrance of fluid therewithin and for the passage ofcompressed air into the cylinder a through the passage g. Anotherprojection from the port block 7c passes through the wall of thecylinder w in which cylinder all the mechanism is contained. The passageZ through 6l the port block lo connects the space within the cylinder fwwith the space outside of the same. The passage Z may be closed by thevalve m which is attached to the valve stem a which terminates in acrosshead 0, carried by two bars r which are attached to the Walls ofthe cylinder en The crosshead o is provided with a pin p which forms anattachment for one arm of the cranked lever g. The cranked lever g ispivoted on a pin passing through the lug m which is an integral part ofthe frame la The spring s by means of the rod t connects one end of thecranked lever g with the lug y which is an integral part of the frame7b. A weighted rod o passing through the head of the cylinder w (thecylinder head is not shown) is free to move in a vertical plane.

The action is as follows: A column of water rising in the cylinder w, bygravitational reactance to the lifting impulse created by an explosioncompresses the air above it and part of this air enters the cylinder aby way of the slots in the frame h and the passage g so that the samedegree of compression obtains within the cylinder a as in the cylinderw. At the same time the rod o is raised by the pressure on its undersideand comes to rest against a stop (stop is not shown). The column ofwater rises above the valve fm and comes to rest with the water in pumpcylinder fw at the end of the reactance flow. The air already compressedin the fw now expands and drives the Vcolumn of water downwardly beforeit producing a second impulse. This expansion reduces the pressure ofair in the outer cylinder w, but the air pressure in the inner cylindera is not reduced, it being retained by the valve 10 Y pressures on thevalve m and on the outer,-

side of the head on the cylinderfa, the cylinder a rises `quicklydrawing withit the valve m and opening the port l and thereby admitswater under pressure through said portv Z from cylinder fw toa plunger,piston diaphragm, or' other suitable device provided for the vactualinjection of the fuel to the y explosion cylinder of the pump.

The movable cylinder a continues to rise until the crosshead o strikesthe valve stem f and raises the valvefc thus releasing the pressure inthecylinder a The mechanism is now in the position shown in Figure 1.The raising ofthe cylinder "a causes one end of the cranked lever g torise with it since one arm of the cranked lever g is attached to thecylinder a by means of the bars r and the crossheac 0 and the pin p. Thecranked lever g is retained in this vposition (as'shown in Figure l) bythe spring s and the rod t. I

- rPhe-pressure being released inthe cylinder a the said cylinder afalls of its own weight. When the pressure in the cylinder fuhas reducedsufiiciently to ,per1nit, the rod o falls, and, striking one arm of thecranked lever g, overcomesthe vforce of thespring s and carries that armof the cranked lever q downwards, carrying with it the valves c and m sothat the mechanism is once again in the position shown in Figure 2' andis ready for another cycle,

I am aware that prior to my invention devices were used in whichexpanding gases were used for actuating mechanisms, also that internalcombustion pumps were known and used; I therefore do not claim thesebroadly; but i y I claim:

l. A device of the character described comprising-a pair of compressionchambers port` ed intofcommunication, means for effecting compression offluid in one of said chambers,

a valve closing said port of communication with thek secondchamberarrangedA to open toV admit fluid so compressed in the firstchamber a'ndvto close upon the equalization of pressures in saidchambers, apressure fluid conduit extended outwardlyfrom within thefirst chamber and ported into communication with vsaid first chamber, avalve for closing said port, means withinsaidfirst chamber normallyeffectivev to hold said "valve closed,

and-mechanism cooperating `with said port valves andl controlled andVoperated by fluid pressure within saidv first chamber to main- Vandthereafter automatically operative to open said conduit and secondchamber port valves-inerder yand subsequently effective to cause saidvalvesto return to portclosing positions.

2. A device dof the character describedcom- 'Y' "prising a pair ofcompression' chambers'portred mto'communication, means for effectingcompression of fluid in onek of said chambers, a valve closing said portof communication with the second chamber arranged to open to admit fluid"so compressed in the first'chamber and to close upon the equalizationof pressures in'saidchambers, a pressure fluid conduit extendingoutwardly from within the first chamber and ported in communicationAwith said first chamber, a valve for closing said port, means withinsaid first chamber normally effective to hold said valve closed, andmechanism controlledby Vfluid pressure within said first chamber andoperative thereby to maintain initially attained pressure in the secondchamber during reduction of pressure in the first chamber to apredetermined kpoint and thereafter automatically operative to move thevalve of said conduit' port to open the port and subsequently to operatethe valve ofthe secondchamber tovent the pressure fluid therein, saidmechanisml including an element movable by said reduction of pressure topermit the return ofsaid portvalves to initial position;

3. A device of the character described comprising a pair ofcompressionchambers ported into communication, means for'. effecting compression offluid inone of said chambers, a valve closing-said port of communicationwith'the' second chamber arranged to open to admit fluid socompressedlin the first chamber and to close upon the equalization ofpressures in said chambers, said' second chamber being expansible, apressure fluid conduit extendingV outwardly from within said firstchamber and ported into communication with said first. chamber, a valvefor closing said port, means within saidY first chamber normallyeffective to hold said valve closed, and mechanismwithin the firstIchamber interconnecting said conduit port valve and' expansible chambereffective in response to iiuid pressure within thev first chamber tomaintain the second chamber against eXpansion and the fluid therein atinitiallyl attained pressure and movable by reductionof "fluid pressurewithin the first chamber to a predetermined pointautomatically to expandthe second chamber and toopen said conduit port, said movement beingeffective to open the valveV of said second chamberto vent itsV pressurefluid, and mechanismincluding an element movable 'by reduction in fluidpressure to cause the return of said port valves to initially closed`position.

4. A device of the character described comprising a pair of compressionchambersl ported into communication, means for effecting compression offluid in one of said chambers, said second chamber of the paircomprising a cylinder having fixed and relatively movable portions, avalve closing said port of communication with the second chamberarranged to open to admit fluid compressed in the first chamber and toclose upon the equalization of pressures in said chambers, a pressurefluid conduit extending out-Wardly from Within said first chamber andported into communication with said first chamber, a valve for closingsaid port, mechanism mounted Within said first chamber to receive thepressure fluid therein and having connection with the valve for saidconduit port and with the movable portion of the compression cylinder ofsaid second chamber, said mechanism functioning in response to thepressure of fluid in the first chamber and up to a predetermined pointin a reduction of the fluid pressure' therein, to hold said conduit portvalve closed and the movable portion of said cylinder against expansionto maintain the initially attained pressure in said cylinder, saidmechanism automatically operating upon reduction of pressure Within thefirst chamber below said predetermined point to permit expansion of saidcylinder portion and consequent movement of said mechanism to open theconduit port valve, said mechanism cooperating by said movement with theport valve of said second chamber and cylinder to vent its pressurefluid.

5. A device of the character described comprising, an outer compressioncylinder, means for effecting compression of fluid therein, a fluidpressure conduit extended outwardly from Within said cylinder and portedinto communication with said outer cylinder, a valve closing said portof communication, an inner compression cylinder Within said outercylinder, comprising a fixed cylinder head, a movable pressure cylindermounted to slide thereon, a port in said head placing its cylinder incommunication with the outer cylinder, a valve closing said port ofcommunication arranged to open to admit fluid compressed in the outercylinder and to close upon equalization of pressures in said outer andinner cylinders, an operating stem for said conduit port valve, aconnection between said stem and said movable compression cylinder,means for admitting fluid pressure of `the outer cylinder to act uponsaid conduit port valve and the movable cylinder connected with its stemto cause said pressure to seat said valve and to maintain said innercompression cylinder against expansion during a decrease in the fluidpressure in the outer cylinder to a point providing less pressure uponsaid valve and the exterior of said inner cylinder than the initiallyattained pressure Within said inner cylinder and mechanism normallytending to seat said conduit port valve and permitting the seating ofthe inner cylinder valve comprising a lever connected with the stem ofsaid conduit valve and normally tending to move said valve in onedirection and a gravity operating member normally tending to move by thepressure of fluid within said outer cylinder to inoperative relation tosaid lever and automatically moving by reduction in fluid pressure insaid cylinder to cooperate With said 1ever and move it in a reversedirection.

ERIC VILLIAM MAcKAY-VHITE.

